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Pharmacological manipulations typically exhibit poor cellular specificity and temporal control that is not harmonized with the timescale of relevant physiological processes.
However, many of these earlier studies did not exclude a role for stimulation of fibers of passage, and lacked the cellular specificity and spatio-temporal resolution of the methods employed here.
However, the pharmacological methods (Silveira and Graeff, 1992; Freitas et al., 2009) lacked cellular specificity and high spatial resolution, while electrical stimulation (Lipp and Hunsperger, 1978; Lammers et al., 1988) could not exclude activation of fibers of passage.
Many of the older studies we were asked to cite used pharmacological methods for activation or inhibition that lacked cellular specificity and spatial resolution or, in cases where electrical stimulation or lesioning was used, could not exclude a role for fibers of passage.
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To investigate the detailed cellular specificities and timecourses of HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha in retinal ischaemia we examined sections of central retina from mice at intervals following return from hyperoxia to room air.
The cellular-specificity and developmental timing of expression for each Cre-loxP/DG-null model used in our studies are illustrated in Figure 1.
The structural implications for the mechanism of action and cellular specificity of both Cry and β-PFT type parasporins will be enhanced by further experimental validation.
Cellular specificity of FOXP3 and GITR for T cells was investigated with immunodoublestains visualized with spectral imaging [17].
Second, it has been demonstrated that some MT1 duplicates have cellular specificity [44], [46] and some of them are expressed in epithelium.
An important focus of QNMR Core Center is quantitative neuroimaging and molecular imaging for functional and cellular specificity.
An Sry "promoter region," comprising approximately 8 kb 5′ of the translational start site of Sry, is sufficient to drive green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene expression with a timing and cellular specificity similar to that of the endogenous gene (Albrecht and Eicher, 2001).
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com