P53 is a transcription factor and known tumor suppressor that regulates many important cellular pathways, including cell survival, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence (Bensaad et al., 2009).
Tankyrases are ADP-ribosyltransferases that play key roles in various cellular pathways, including the regulation of cell proliferation, and thus they are promising drug targets for the treatment of cancer [12].
RNA immunoprecipitation with the known stress granule aggregates TIAR and G3BP1 was performed on astrocytoma cells, and subsequent analysis revealed that astrocytoma stress granules harbor unique mRNAs for various cellular pathways, including cellular migration, metabolism, translation, and transcriptional regulation.
Major cellular pathways, including apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, are regulated by p53, and consequently, mutations in p53 are a frequent finding in many forms of cancer [13].
The NO species N2O3, FeLnNO and ONOO− have been proposed to carry out various indirect effects of NO on cellular pathways, including apoptosis, during inflammation [20].
COMMD1 is a protein associated with multiple cellular pathways, including the regulation of hepatic copper excretion, sodium uptake through interaction with ENaC (epithelial sodium channel) and NF-kappaB signaling.
Knowing that Akt is a central regulator of multiple cellular pathways including cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, inflammation and apoptosis [7], [10], interfering with the Akt pathway can have multiple cellular and organ-wide effects.
[Ca 2+]i regulates important cellular pathways, including those leading to cell death by apoptosis or necrosis, therefore, modulation of [Ca 2+]i constitutes one of the most widely used cell signalling mechanisms.
Gene expression program, rather than a simple assembly line to process mRNAs, is a complex network systematically coordinating many cellular pathways including transcription initiation-elongation-termination, RNA processing, transcription-coupled DNA repair, nuclear export of mRNAs, translation and RNA/protein degradation [1], [2], [3].
The results described herein provide new insights into curcumin's biological activities as they indicate that inhibition of Glo1 by curcumin may result in non-tolerable levels of MGO and GSH, which, in turn, modulate various metabolic cellular pathways including depletion of cellular ATP and GSH content.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in various cellular pathways including development, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis [ 12- 14].
