ROS are involved in cellular responses to stress and may contribute to various cellular pathological events, including apoptosis and, in particular, MP formation.
Of the various molecular and cellular pathological processes in cancer, multiparametric PET/CT can primarily assess tumour glucose metabolism (FDG-PET), vascularity (DCE-CT) and heterogeneity (CTTA).
A common cellular pathological feature in these diseases and their animal models is impaired autophagosome degradation, leading to the accumulation of autophagosomes and increased levels of LC3-II, and the accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and dysfunctional mitochondria, which are the putative mediators of cell death (Settembre et al., 2008).
Our study identifies Oxr1 as a modifier of three major cellular pathological features of ALS associated with Fus and Tdp-43 mutations: mis-localization and aggregation of mutant proteins, splicing defects and mitochondrial abnormalities.
Both these cellular pathological features are reminiscent of those observed in primary lysosomal disorders and suggest that the SLC9A6 mutations may be causing a heretofore unrecognized lysosomal storage disease.
However, such statistically average results from a large amount of cells usually obscure the real mechanism of the cellular pathological process [4].
miRNAs play key regulatory roles in cellular pathological processes.
18– 20 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is considered to be an important regulator of several cellular pathological processes, including cancer cell death pathways in response to anticancer drugs.
Given the molecular and cellular similarities between pathological and developmental EMTs, studying this event during neural crest development offers and excellent in vivo model for understanding the mechanisms underlying this process.
Prion disease is a unique category of illness, affecting both animals and humans, in which the underlying pathogenesis is related to a conformational change of a normal, self-protein called PrPC (C for cellular) to a pathological and infectious conformer known as PrPSc (Sc for scrapie).
