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Primary cilia are ubiquitous organelles that serve as a cellular hub for the transduction of numerous signaling pathways.
Recent work also identified p53 as a cellular hub in regulating and responding to cell metabolism (Jiang et al., 2013; Maddocks and Vousden, 2011).
mTOR is a cellular hub that controls translation and cell growth through activation of target proteins, such as eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), eIF4E binding proteins (4E-BPs), and ribosomal S6 kinases (S6K1 and S6K2) [ 84, 85].
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These cellular "hubs" may appear as potential drug targets in the pharmaceutical quest of viral replication inhibitors.
Because DNA oncoviruses rely on the cellular DNA replication machinery for propagation and most of them infect quiescent cells, which are not optimal for viral DNA replication, they evolved oncoproteins targeting the central cellular hubs regulating cell growth.
The study by Mukhtar et al. (2011) on plant pathogens, in particular, Arabidopsis concludes that pathogens from different kingdoms deploy independently evolved virulence proteins that interact with a limited set of highly connected cellular hubs to facilitate their diverse life cycle strategies.
Leivar, P. & Quail, P. H. PIFs: pivotal components in a cellular signaling hub.
Mitochondria serve as a cellular calcium hub regulating cytosolic calcium levels.
mTOR is a major cellular signaling hub that integrates inputs from the upstream signaling pathways, including tyrosine kinase receptors, while also governing energy homeostasis and cellular responses to stress such as nutrient deprivation and hypoxia [ 24, 25].
They also act in calcium signaling [ 1], stress responses [ 2] and generally as cellular signaling hubs [ 3].
These data are important, as they show that at least two key cellular signaling hubs that regulate protein synthesis, eIF2 α and mTORC1, are affected by VCP inhibition, and that there is cross-talk between them, thereby adding to the growing literature on the interactions between eIF2 α and mTORC1.
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