Extensive analyses of polymorphisms in the core proteome of Giardia revealed differential rates of divergence among cellular processes.
Of these eight organisms, four (Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Nosema ceranae, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia) are parasites and are known for high levels of sequences divergence or cellular reduction, providing a possible explanation for the absence of these proteins.
The diverse presentation of disease resulting from a single environmental exposure, cigarette smoke, suggests the presence of distinct bio-molecular and cellular pathways leading to a divergence of anatomic phenotypes.
Zebrafish s100 genes exhibit highly specific and characteristic expression patterns, showing both redundancy and divergence in their cellular expression.
From a biological control perspective, this robustness is desired variation of enzyme levels arising from genetic regulation or post-translation modification should not give rise to catastrophic divergence of the cellular state.
Class I and class II GLUT proteins have no non-metazoan relatives, suggesting these orthologues arose relatively recently, after the divergence of multi-cellular animals and are specific to that lineage.
Their venoms show much greater sequence divergence than venom gland cellular (tissue) components.
It would be interesting to correlate gene evolution of catenins to the cellular physiology associated with the functional divergence of this gene family.
The evidence presented here is consistent with the model of signal transduction divergence modulated by the cellular localization of receptor-ligand complexes [ 46- 55].
Although calcineurin signaling is conserved among fungi, recent studies indicate important divergences in calcineurin-dependent cellular functions among different human fungal pathogens.
