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Vickers SM, Gotterbarm T, Spector M. Cross-linking affects cellular condensation and chondrogenesis in type II collagen-GAG scaffolds seeded with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
The incorporation of Col II into MeGC hydrogels increased cellular condensation and deposition of cartilaginous extracellular matrix by encapsulated chondrocytes.
Conversely, within higher cross-linked matrices, cells adopted a more elongated morphology, with a reduced degree of cellular condensation.
These findings suggest that the tunable three-dimensional microenvironment of the HA-Tyr hydrogels modulates cellular condensation during chondrogenesis and has a dramatic impact on spatial organization of cells, matrix biosynthesis, and overall cartilage tissue histogenesis.
MSCs in IPC-Col I hydrogel aligned and packed uniformly, resulting in enhanced cell cell interactions and cellular condensation, facilitating superior chondrogenesis and the generation of mature hyaline neocartilage, with notable downregulation of fibrocartilaginous marker.
Cellular condensation reflected by the increase in effective number density of rounded cells in lacunae was greater in softer hydrogel matrices with lower cross-linking that displayed enhanced scaffold contracture.
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Specifically, Woods and colleagues have demonstrated that while RhoA activation inhibits chondrogenic differentiation, Rac1 promotes it, and this mechanism involves increased expression of N-cadherin as well as increased cell-cell contacts in cellular condensations [84].
Cellular condensations appeared much more under the perfusion culture, compared to the static culture and 2(c)).
Consistent with our finding that higher magnitude of LPS/TLR4 activation induces caspase-dependent apoptosis, microglia activated with higher dose of LPS alone exhibited morphological characteristics of typical apoptosis, including decreased cellular volume, condensation of chromatin and intact cytoplasmic membrane.
Induction of apoptotic characteristics, including cellular shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and Annexin V detection, was observed following DMAC treatment.
In our previous study, we developed a series of PEI-modified block polyplexes by grafting PEI with nonionic amphiphilic surfactant polyethers-Pluronic (Pluronic-PEI), which have been confirmed to enhance DNA condensation, cellular uptake, and transgene expression [21].
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