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For the single-cell scenario, when the D2D users communicate with each other through the traditional cellular communication mode, the cellular users do not generate any interference to them because each link is separated by different frequency resources.
For the multi-cell scenario, the ergodic achievable sum-rate of the traditional cellular communication mode is shown in (18).
In this section, we first introduce three communication transmission modes including: traditional cellular communication mode, direct D2D communication mode and two-way DF relayed D2D communication mode.
In this paper, a UE is either in two-hop outband D2D communication mode or one-hop legacy cellular communication mode.
However, for the users far from each other, traditional cellular communication mode takes an advantage as the transmit power of the users is limited.
We first introduce the basic operation principles of three communication transmission modes which are named as traditional cellular communication mode, direct D2D communication mode and two-way decode-and-forward (DF -relayed DF -relayedcation moD2D
Similar(49)
The strategy of switching between MODE1 and MODE3 in (44) is the same as (39), which means the traditional cellular transmission communication mode always outperforms the two-way DF-relayed D2D communication mode for long distance between the D2D users, no matter what the interference level is.
MS is a D2D specific function that allows the BS to dynamically adjust the characteristics of the D2D link and to change the communication mode (cellular mode: via the BS or D2D mode: via the direct link) of two communicating UEs.
In Section "Mode selection", the proposed MS algorithm is presented that relies on single cell information and dynamically selects between cellular and D2D communication modes.
1. Run the MS algorithm (Algorithm 3) in each cell to select between the cellular and D2D communication modes (i.e, to select the links for transmission) on the time scale of few hundred milliseconds based on large scale fading (distance dependent path loss and shadowing) information of the own cell.
In the underlay mode, D2D communication and cellular communication are both available for users.
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