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This paper introduces the ideas of RAP based on examples of radiation induced soft errors in SRAM cells, voltage variations and sequential CMOS logic.
As light levels increase, such correlations, i.e., sensitivity to bipolar cells voltage fluctuation, decreases.
The general experimental approach is to illuminate the QD-cell system with excitable and non-excitable wavelengths to QDs and to record cells' voltage and current changes using the patch-clamp technique.
Dots show data from individual cells (voltage n = 9, excitation n = 22, inhibition n = 22, p < 10−7 for all comparisons), and circles (error bars) indicate mean (±SEM) of the respective population.
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In order to define the molecular determinants of NR2B that govern con-G selectivity, we evaluated the ability of con-G to inhibit NMDAR ion channels expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293 cells transfected with NR1, in combination with various NR2A/2B chimeras and point mutants, by electrophysiology using cells voltage-clamped in the whole-cell configuration.
The average photocurrent in cells voltage-clamped at −65 mV was 1325±110 pA (n = 52; Fig. 1B), considerably larger than reported previously [6].
In most cells, voltage-activated potassium (Kv) outward currents exhibit a transient component, which is characterized as the fast-inactivating A-type current (IA), and a non-inactivating or slowly inactivating sustained component that comprises delayed-rectifying currents with slow (IDR) or fast (ID) activation kinetics [24], [25].
For these experiments, whole-cell currents were recorded from D12 cells voltage-clamped at a holding potential of -60 mV.
Furthermore, in DLD-1 cells, voltage-dependent anion selective channel protein 2 (VDAC2) was upregulated under PSF knockdown conditions.
The present model lacks several details, such as MF input to Golgi cells, voltage-dependency of NMDA receptors, tonic inhibition in glomeruli, unipolar brush cells and so on.
For HEK293 cells, voltage-clamp protocols (voltage ramps from −130 to +80 mV, holding potential 0 mV) were controlled by pClamp software (Axon Instruments, Molecular Devices, Biberach, Germany).
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