Sentence examples for cells to elevated from inspiring English sources

Substrate-mediated gene delivery describes the immobilization of gene therapy vectors to a biomaterial, which enhances gene transfer by exposing adhered cells to elevated DNA concentrations within the local microenvironment.

One probable mechanism is suggested by the response of the cells to elevated [Ca2+]i [29], [29].

The ability of chaperones to help proteins refold in vivo can be assessed by monitoring reactivation of a thermolabile bacterial luciferase after exposing cells to elevated temperature.

Thus, increased TGF-β signaling in CA1a cells by treatment with CoCM is sustained in vivo, indicating that the transient exposure of CA1a cells to elevated TGF-β levels causes a durable change in TGF-β signaling activity.

In vitro, prolonged exposure of isolated islets or insulin-secreting cells to elevated levels of FFAs is associated with inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion [9], [10] that has also been observed in vivo in rats [11] and humans [12], impairment of insulin gene expression [13] [18] and induction of cell death by apoptosis [19], [20].

However, exposure of cells to elevated temperature did induce a significant increase.

Although it is reported that palmitate induced β-cell apoptosis whereas oleate protected NIT-1 cells from palmitate-induced lipoapoptosis [21], a plethora of studies has indicated that chronic exposure of β-cell to elevated levels of FFAs is accompanied by the loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and a decrease in total insulin content [22].

β-Cell apoptosis is multifactorial; chronic exposure of the β-cells to elevated levels of glucose leads to "glucotoxicity," a process where hyperglycemia causes cellular dysfunction and mortality (10).

The impairment of insulin secretion has been attributed to insults and desensitization associated with chronic exposure of pancreatic β-cells to elevated glucose and NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid) levels, which can lead to reduction in β-cell mass (glucolipotoxicity) [ 3, 4].

The increase of CAT activity observed in cells exposed to DETC could be explained by adaptive response of the cell to elevated level of H2O2.

IL-6 therefore provides a mechanism for CD4 cells to maintain elevated levels of cytosolic Ca2+ through its effect on the MMP and mitochondrial Ca2+.