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This model suggests that identification of biomarkers for cancer stem cells may help to identify the population of cells that resist chemotherapy and are metastatic with important implications for understanding and overcoming resistance to chemotherapies for human tumors.
It has been reported that in EGFR-mutated lung cancer cell lines EGFR blockade may enrich for lung cancer stem-like cells that resist the treatment.
There is also a gradual accumulation of cells that resist the penetration of the DNA interchelating dye Sytox Green, which results in the appearance of a discrete peak of reduced DNA fluorescence that is characteristic of Q cells.
Consequently, LS-infected cells can be categorized into three populations: (i) infected host cells that undergo apoptosis without additional external stimuli, (ii) infected host cells that resist apoptosis even in the presence of potent external stimuli such as Fas activation, and (iii) infected host cells whose apoptotic state can be tipped from survival to death with external stimuli.
Most likely, some of the so-called "secondary" tumors are independent primary tumors which may contain either dormant cancer cells that resist systematic cancer therapy or active cancer cells which escape the killing due to that fact that their reproduction time is outside the treatment window [ 96, 97].
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To confirm that the JC virus targeted serotonin receptors, they took lab-grown cervical cancer cells that resisted JC virus infection and engineered them to produce a serotonin receptor from oligodendrocytes called 5HT[2A]R.
This resembles a brake in somatic cells that resists against reprogramming to pluripotency (Fig. 1a).
Nevertheless, multiciliated ependymal cells that resisted denudation remained in situ as small patches that were consistently located at specific sites of the ventricular walls (Fig. 1b, d) [ 29, 41, 65].
It is noteworthy that the diploid cells that survived the administration of mitotic catastrophe inducers (i.e., PTX, DIMEN and NDZ) showed a net increase in nuclear size, presumably because of polyploidization (further discussed below), which is less evident in the fraction of cells that resisted to UCN-01.
It is important to note that undifferentiated spermatogonia include germinal stem cells (As) that resist to radiation-induced death and are responsible for differentiation recovery.
The factors that limited our approach were to some degree related to the properties of plant cells, notably that they are encapsulated by rigid cell walls that resist the internal turgor pressure.
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