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The modeling of bioreactors with immobilized cells is a complex process, incorporating in itself different complex operations.
The HIV-1 entry into host cells is a complex, multi-factors involved, and multi-step process.
The dynamic response of PEM (Proton exchange membrane) fuel cells is a complex phenomenon which is affected by numerous factors related to their designs and operating conditions.
The transfer of exogenous DNA into somatic cells is a complex process involving the passage through numerous biological barriers, and is particularly complicated in the case of in vivo applications.
Since expression of mutant hRAD54 and restoration of functional Prkdc in scid cells cause the same effects, i.e. telomere shortening and reduced recombination rates at telomeres, these results argue that telomere elongation in scid cells is a complex trait resulting from interactions between homologous recombination mechanisms and DNA-PKcs.
Migration of mammalian cells is a complex cell type and environment specific process.
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Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by the growing Yarrowia cells was a complex of protein, carbohydrates and other substances, immobilizing 43.8 (±0.7)–58.7 (±1.0) % of initial Hg in medium as micro-precipitates, while 10.13 ± 0.4 39.2 ± 4.3 % Hg content was volatilized.
The Raman spectrum of a cell is a complex product of its chemical bonds.
A fuel cell is a complex system and the key problems are that the feedstock must be kept pure and power consumption minimized in the auxiliaries.
The genome-wide expression profile of a cell is a complex description of its physiological status that includes most of the cell's metabolic activities, and therefore gives access to an unusually holistic approach to the analysis of biological systems.
A living cell is a complex viscoelastic body that not only exhibits a shell architecture composed of a membrane attached to a cytoskeleton cortex but also generates contractile forces through its actomyosin network.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com