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"It said that cells have evolved a mechanism for fending off viruses with lethal mutagenesis".
Cells have evolved a number of mechanisms to make both processes compatible under normal growth conditions.
Cells have evolved a variety of mechanisms to regulate the enormous complexity of processes taking place inside them.
Eukaryotic cells have evolved a well-organized autophagic machinery to adapt to and survive adverse microenvironmental conditions, including dwindling nutrient supplies (Galluzzi et al., 2014).
To protect the genome, cells have evolved a diverse set of pathways designed to sense, signal, and repair multiple types of DNA damage.
To maintain genomic integrity, cells have evolved a highly conserved mechanism for repairing DNA lesions and, in particular, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs).
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To cope with these situations, cells have evolved an ER stress-induced intracellular signal transduction pathway, the unfolded protein response (UPR).
Mammalian cells have evolved an intricate system with multiple signaling pathways to respond to ER stress, collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR) (Kim et al., 2008; Lin et al., 2008; Walter and Ron, 2011).
To combat damage by ROS, the cell has evolved a diverse range of defenses including specific protein repair systems that restore function to oxidized proteins.
Our analysis shows that the yeast cell has evolved a system whereby a physical mechanism of regulation (nucleosome occupancy) buffers key genes from the variability experienced by the cell as a whole.
The pancreatic acinar cell has evolved an economical design maximizing the surface area of its protein-producing organelle by employing the same organelle for Ca2+ reloading.
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