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We conclude that transformed cells engage surrounding normal cells as active and essential microenvironmental contributors to early tumour growth through nutrient-generating autophagy.
Tumours and immune cells engage in bi-directional manipulation of their respective metabolism, thereby altering cell function to facilitate tumour progression19,20.
Also, with immunotherapy, tumors initially may swell as immune cells engage with the cancer cells, then later shrink as cancer cells die.
Antigen specific Treg cells engage into tight contacts with DC where they capture cognate pMHCII that also facilitates the acquisition of B7 family of ligands in close proximity while excluding non-cognate pMHCII.
During development, tissue injury, and cancer, epithelial cells engage in communication with the vascular system by using several molecular mediators acting directly or through changes in the haemostatic system.The latter category is epitomised by the procoagulant cellular receptor known as tissue factor (TF).
Elucidating the mechanisms whereby non-transformed neural cells engage MYCN-primed asoptosis, as well as the mechanisms neuroblasts with MYCN amplification use to evade this process, will define useful targets for biological therapeutics that exploit the inherent apoptosis-priming function of deregulated MYCN.
Similar(19)
When cultured in vitro, Treg cells engaged both glycolysis and FAO to proliferate, while Tconv cell proliferation mainly relied on glucose metabolism.
Or the cells engaged in growth may be widely distributed throughout the body of the organism, as in the human embryo.
But it may also involve structural changes at a subcellular level, as when organelles change their character in cells engaged in intense metabolic activity.
Anti-Gal B cells engaging α-gal epitopes on transplated wild type mouse heart can be activated to produce their antibodies only if they receive help from T cells that are activated by allogeneic or xenogeneic peptides.
Mammalian defensins are small cationic antimicrobial peptides predominantly found in leukocytes and epithelial cells engaged in host defense.
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