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When a bead moves to a new location it induces a change in cells direction of migration.
The conservation of glutamine, which is indispensable for the energy supply of these cells, direction initial values of 2.5 3 m M with increasing radiation dose, probably reflects the inhibition of cell proliferation.
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MAP kinase, for example, propagates through epithelial sheets as a wounding cue, and the transmitted chemical signal gives the cells directions to move (Matsubayashi et al., 2004; Nikolić et al., 2006).
Analysis of nuclear alignment was also used to determine how cell direction was influenced by the features.
Interestingly, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were observed to stretch along the longitudinal axis parallel to the cell direction on highly aligned scaffolds.
Confocal laser microscopy images showed more intense observation at ELF-PEMFs induction groups compared to control group (arrows: cell direction).
These data are consistent with the notion that RomR acts downstream of the Frz system to induce reversals in cell direction in the A-motility system and with the Frz system directly or indirectly causing phosphorylation of RomR.
Compared with whole heart, tissue slices represent a simpler model, which makes the interpretation of structure-function relationships (e.g., the correlation between cell direction and conduction speed) easier.
Thus, the use of fibrous structures in designed materials has been employed to better mimic native ECM and guide cell direction; electrospinning has been a widely used and simple method to produce controlled nanoscale fibers.
Gradients can thereby be engineered at the cellular scale and this approach has allowed to disentangle roles of the nucleus and protrusion activity in setting cell directions.
The percentages of cell-directions including angles within 5° from the mode angle, in each cell trajectory, were calculated and are shown in Figure 5 while a summary of the data is presented in Tables 5 and 6.
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