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The difference between the mean concentration of cytokines in supernatants from in vitro OVA-stimulated cells and unstimulated cells (background) was then calculated.
Zhang lab Web site Reubinoff lab Web site PNAS abstract on getting blood cells from stem cells Background on stem cells, from the National Institutes of Health.
In the near-surface layer of 2 nm thickness (that is 5 unit cells) (background is given above, see also Refs. [24] and [25]) with randomly distributed defects, Fe atoms and oxygen vacancies V(O), taking into account that the distribution of iron atoms is uniform.
The biosynthetic and secretory activity of the melanotrope cells can be modulated by placing the frogs on a white (inactive melanotrope cells) or black (highly active melanotrope cells) background.
Fluorescence was recorded from individual cells, background corrected and expressed as the ratio YFP/CFP.
In the absence of cells, background absorbance of the medium was subtracted.
Since both dyes are essentially non-fluorescent before interacting with cells, background fluorescence is inherently low.
The raw fluorescence values were first subtracted with that of the untransfected cells (background).
For determination of frequencies of antigen-specific memory B cells, background responses were subtracted from the antigen-specific responses.
Positive control (Triton-X), negative control (untreated cells), background control (plain supplemented medium) and substance control (honey dilution) were included.
Controls consisted of media without cells (background extinction) and cells incubated with medium instead of the cytotoxic agent.
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