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This effect might be due to cells adaptation at interaction with IOSi-NPs nanocomposites.
After passage in Vero cells, adaptation mutations were identified by sequence analysis as had been described for other DEN viruses [ 23].
To date, the majority of studies have been conducted on cultured cells; however, this approach suffers from several limitations, the most important being the appearance of molecular alterations due to the cells' adaptation to culture conditions [ 4, 5].
However, virus from bats could not be isolated directly in human cells: adaptation through palm civets or other species seems to be required before adaptation to humans can occur.
Thus, despite the seemingly unapparent infections of mycoplasmas in culture (and in vivo), mammalian host cells evidently had a strong response and produced a host of signaling molecules to coordinate messages that were important for the cells' adaptation to the new environment.
We hypothesise that the integrity of signalling pathways involved in the control of cell metabolism, growth and quiescence, such as AMPK, could be important to sense changes in the tumour microenvironment caused by angiogenesis inhibition and to enable tumour cells adaptation.
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It may therefore be viewed as an integral part of cell adaptation to low glucose.
Ellenbroek, J. H. et al. Topologically heterogeneous beta cell adaptation in response to high-fat diet in mice.
On the other hand, no cell adaptation to stronger shear stress was observed.
The importance of these Vero cell adaptation mutations in flavivirus vaccine design and development is discussed.
This switch plays a physiological role in cell adaptation to stress conditions, where cap-dependent translation is repressed because of eIF2α phosphorylation by stress kinases.
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