At these cells waves can re-emerge, hence creating the situation as in Figure 4A.
In a previous study, it was noticed that although Ca2+ oscillations are not synchronized among α-cells, oscillations in individual α-cells exposed to 8 12 mM glucose sometimes approximately follow the surrounding coordinated β-cell waves of Ca2+ (15).
However, depending on the random realization of the process of isolation of cells, waves can be broken and it produces the appearance of reentry into the already excited tissue; see Figure 7.
Because the dedifferentiation of one cell weakens the stability of its neighboring cells, waves of dedifferentiation and conversion can propagate through the aggregate, depending on the average number of neighboring cells that reflects both density and configuration of a cell cluster.
In tissues obtained from BCG-treated mice, KI67 expression was predominantly observed on urothelial cells (waved blue lines on Figure 12) and to a lesser extend in CD31+ blood vessels whereas in tissues isolated from VEGF121- and VEGF165-treated mice, in addition to urothelial cells, a strong expression of KI67 occurred on CD31+ blood vessels.
These ions pass in and out of the cell in waves, and the waves are propagated along protrusions from the cell.
This second T cell derived wave of chemokine production may potentiate the recruitment of further T cells, and contributing to the disease seen following RSV infection.
In total, we processed 50 time points (9 GB of data) following a cell division wave in early development.
The hallmark of this 'juvenile ovary to testis' transformation process is a rapid degeneration and eventual elimination of oocytes by an apoptotic (or programmed cell death) wave that was first described by Uchida and colleagues [ 84].
This idea could help the honeybee population, unless of course, those rumors of cell phones waves killing the bees is true.
