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This result suggests that even though a cell was forced to deform as it passed through the pore, the backpack remained on the surface.
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In cell death, a cell is forced to set off a built-in suicide mechanism.
If DNA damage or abnormalities in spindle formation are detected at these checkpoints, the cell is forced to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis.
For instance, when two out of three adjoining cells bear a 1, the central cell is forced to match it.
When infected by a virus, a host cell is forced to produce many thousands of identical copies of the original virus, at an extraordinary rate.
However, as stimulus is increased above the threshold a1 the multipotent state becomes unstable, gene expression is restricted and the cell is forced to adopt a bipotent state.
When the cell is forced to deal with a temporary stress, otherwise optimized cell functions might operate inadequately.
Now we are in the situation illustrated by the bottom right panel; the stable equilibrium at the CXCL13 peak vanishes, and the cell is forced to return to the CXCL12 peak, setting up a system where oscillations result.
The cell is forced to depend on glycolysis for ATP, though glycolytic ATP production is only a fraction of mitochondrial output, and acidosis occurs as mitochondrial consumption of protons slows [ 1].
Many chemotherapy drugs work by damaging cancer cells' DNA so severely that the cells are forced to commit cellular suicide.
In fact, when Hnf1b deficient quiescent cells are forced to proliferate by an ischemia-reperfusion injury, they give rise to cysts, owing to loss of oriented cell division.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com