In response to the hypo- osmotic stress, signaling pathways related cell morphology and cell volume regulation will be up-regulated to reduce water gain and adjust cell volume.
P-gp has also been proposed as a regulator for Cl− selective channels with a role in cell volume regulation [52].
The homeostasis of the extracellular space is regulated by various glial functions including spatial K+ buffering, cell volume regulation and uptake of neurotransmitters.
It demonstrates that rapid modifications of actin cytoskeleton dynamics regulated by specific signaling pathways play a functional role in cell volume regulation.
Volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC) are widely expressed chloride channels that are critical for the cell volume regulation.
The dynamics of cell volume regulation under varying osmotic conditions is a topic of substantial interest, as improper functioning of volume-regulating proteins is involved in various diseases [ 18, 19] and apoptosis [ 20].
Background: Glycine betaine is important in cell volume regulation and in remethylating homocysteine, a vascular risk factor.
Since the early days of cell volume regulation research, the role of actin cytoskeleton organization and rearrangement has attracted specific interest.
Despite differential cell volume regulation between fibroblasts and epithelial cells in 3D environments, the nucleus-to-cell (N/C) volume ratios remain constant for all cell types and culture conditions.
Passive movement of Cl− through membrane ion channels enables several cellular and physiological processes including transepithelial salt transport, electrical excitability, cell volume regulation and acidification of internal and external compartments.
Since the brain is confined in an inextensible, rigid structure, cell volume regulation is crucial as any excessive increase in cell volume resulting in brain swelling over a threshold of 10%% equates with severely elevated intracranial pressure, placing the patient at risk of serious brain injury and, ultimately, brain herniation [50, 51].
