All of the ComE1 proteins studied here also have sequence homology with the C-terminal end of the ComEA protein from Bacillus subtilis, which is involved in DNA binding to the cell surface and uptake into cells [5], [18], [19].
In contrast, 14-3-3s 14-3-3s 14-3-3st modisplaybindistincttwo related Rab GTPase-activating proteins, namodesTBC1D4 (AS160) and TBC1D1, invofved in trafficking of the GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4) transporter to the cell surface for uptake of glucose into cells.
When 3T3L1 adipocytes were treated with high glucose in the presence of 1 α,25(OH)2D3, it increased expression of GLUT4 and its translocation to cell surface, glucose uptake, and glucose utilization [ 90]. 1 α,25(OH)2D3 also enhanced cystathionine- γ-lyase (CSE) activation and H2S formation [ 90], which is an important signaling molecule produced mainly by CSE in the cardiovascular system [ 91].
The binding of Fab fragments of mAb 4G3 against tTG and mAb 9EG7 against β1 integrins to the cell surfaces and uptake experiments were performed as reported earlier [34].
The finding that uptake of 5 depends on a functional glycocalyx, which covers the cell surface, suggests that uptake of 5 could be related to the cell size.
In these experiments we observed uptake of FAM150A and FAM150B into ALK-positive intracellular vesicles, suggesting that binding to ALK on the cell surface leads to uptake and internalization of the ALK-FAM150 complex.
From a structural perspective, we observed that the integrin recognition motif is located in close proximity to the galactose binding footprint on AAV9 capsids and postulate that this feature could influence cell surface attachment, cellular uptake at the tissue level, and systemic clearance by the reticuloendothelial system.
Basically, three mechanisms are associated with Se removal by microalgae: (i) biosorption of Se ions on the cell surface, (ii) intracellular uptake of Se ions, and (iii) chemical transformation of Se ions (Neumann et al. 2003; Pardo et al. 2003; Pelah and Ephraim 2005; Oh et al. 2009; Umysová et al. 2009; Gojkovic et al. 2014, 2015).
The HA binds to sialic acid-terminated glycan receptors on the host cell surface, triggering virion uptake by endocytosis.
Here, we show that baculovirus entry enhances ruffle formation on the cell surface and the uptake of E. coli bioparticles in non-phagocytotic epithelial mammalian cells.
