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Tungsten foams where shown to be able to overcome thermo-mechanical loads by cell rotation and deformation.
The angles of cell rotation were adjusted to maximize the diffraction signal and appeared to be δ ≈ 40 − 550 for different samples.
To determine the cell-cell adhesion capacity, cell rotation aggregation assays were performed as described in [ 28].
A 90-degree phase excitation signal is applied to the electrode and the cell rotation speed is recorded.
For each cell at each sampled time instance, a two-dimensional cell shape strain rate tensor was calculated that best transformed its current cell shape to that of the next time step, assuming no cell rotation [ 19, 28].
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Contributions to R include T1 transitions (T ), cell divisions (C ), T2 transitions (E ), as well as correlated cell shape changes and cell rotations (D ): R = T + C + E + D (see Figure 4I).
Notably, chiral counter-rotating flow precedes the previously reported chiral whole-cell rotation of the zygote during cell division (Schonegg et al., 2014).
Such whole-cell rotation rather than swimming is likely to have been the original function of flagella as it would not require any complicated controls such as reversibility or directionality of swimming or chemotaxis, phototaxis or gravity or magnetic reception to become immediately useful.
When scanning parts in automated measuring cell on rotation table, some kind of fixture or jig is needed to keep part in place.
Our data support a model in which a dynein-dependent directional cytoplasmic pulling force may be responsible for the NN cell spindle rotation.
The waving pattern may include alternating left- and right-handed epidermal cell file rotation, at least under some conditions (Buer et al. 2003).
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