Moreover, Tfh cells in culture are resistant to conversion into Foxp3+ cells under Treg cell polarising conditions [ 54].
We present a detailed investigation into 3He neutron spin filter cells polarised by spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP).
We performed mRNA-sequencing on two biological replicates of freshly isolated murine splenic CD4+CD62L+ (naive) T cells and CD4+CD25+ Treg cells, as well as CD4+ cells polarised in vitro to Th1, Th2, Th17 and iTreg fates.
Moreover, low expression and secretion of IL-21 was observed in rapamycin-treated human CD4+ T cells polarised toward the Tfh cell lineage ex vivo (De Bruyne et al., 2015).
The proportion of cells polarised in the direction of migration did not differ significantly between genotypes (Fig. 4D,E), nor did the distance migrated by leading edge NC cells from the central explant (Fig. 4F).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2012.08.013 The rearrangement of cell components to form the distinctive immunological synapse (IS), illustrated in Fig. 1, occurs when immune cells polarise in response to recognition of an antigen presenting cell (APC) [ 1,2].
Both NK and iNKT cells polarise their secretory lysosomes towards the immunological synapses formed with antigen-presenting cells and can kill target cells, and the strength of signalling can modulate the degree of granule polarisation and killing of agonist-pulsed targets for iNKT cells [ 23].
A moving cell is polarised with a leading edge and a trailing edge and the protrusive force for forward movement is generated at the leading edge by the formation of pseudopodia or lamellipoda coupled with cell adhesion [62,63].
Cytokine profiles of PBSC-harvested T cells are polarised toward type II responses and these T cells exhibit a reduced ability to respond to allo- or autoantigens [ 58].
Yet we believe that many, perhaps all, epithelial cells are polarised in the plane of the sheet — that they exhibit planar cell polarity, and that this polarity is vital.
