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In the absence of IL-6, TGFβ1 simultaneously induces synthesis of both Foxp3 and the Th17 cell master switch, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt).
32 Two key stem cell master genes, Oct4 and Nanog, have cytokine response sequences in their promoters particularly for the gp130 cytokine series and STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription -1 and STranscription -1
Human proinsulin is not processed to insulin in developing eye cells, but can be induced to do so by overexpressing a secretory cell master regulator, the bHLH transcription factor DIMMED (Park et al. 2012).
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Scientists said today that they had used stem cells, "master cells" that are the source of new cells in the body, to reverse diabetes in mice.
Scientists are trying to harness embryonic stem cells master cells that can morph into any cell of the body to one day create replacement tissues and better treat, possibly even cure, ailments ranging from diabetes to Parkinson's to spinal cord injury.
For over a decade, scientists also have experimented with using stem cells — master cells that can grow into different specialized cells — to replace and repair tissue in the heart, liver and other organs in animals.
In addition, we used long-RNA transfection to search for early targets of reprogramming factors in fibroblasts, and we provide evidence that the pluripotent-stem-cell master genes and reprogramming factors Sox2 and Nanog are novel upstream effectors of the proto-oncogene Hmga2.
Genes encoding pluripotent-stem-cell master regulators such as Oct4 and Nanog are highly methylated in somatic cells, and as a result transient expression of proteins that promote transcription of these genes (Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, for example) does not immediately cause their expression.
Despite its role as the Treg-cell master transcription factor, there is accumulating evidence that induction of Foxp3 expression in Teff cells does not necessarily lead them to adopt the full Treg-cell phenotype or regulatory functions 19, 20.
E.g., the T-cell regulator GATA3 and the B-cell master regulator PAX5 were both bivalent in HSPCs; they became uniquely expressed and resolved to monovalently active in T and B-cells, respectively.
During this process, the tumour cells master the ability to detach from their neighbours and gain motile and invasive properties enabling them to spread via blood or lymph vessels.
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