The level of ligand sensed by a cell (Ligand ext ) is activated by the level of ligand on the membrane of its immediate neighbor, and is thus maximal when the level of ligand in both neighbors is high.
Thus, hereinafter we assume the degradation rate of the signaling molecule to be the same inside and outside the cell, (5) A ext → k − ∅ Figure 1 schematically represents the biochemical processes considered in our approach.
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Reservations required, call ext.
At time t=0 h, when the activated cells are treated with cytokines, IL6 ext has its maximum value and, as time evolves, it starts gradually turn into intracellular IL6.
Absorbance at 405 nm, characteristic of cell lysis, was determined using a Versamax EXT microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA).
In our in silico stochastic experiments, the efflux is reproduced by removing molecules, A ext, from the medium and washing away cells by "deleting" a cell picked at random in the population each time a new cell is born.
In the above formulations, the total pressure outward normal to the cell membrane is: (10) P total = P ext + P vol - P round.
We then keep the volume V c, tot constant and define the external volume, V ext, such that the total volume of the cell culture reads V tot = V ext + V c, tot.
Additionally, extensins (EXTs), another group of HPRGPs normally related to cell elongation processes [ 32, 33], actively participate in the progamic phase in some species.
