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In eukaryotes, macroautophagy (hereafter simply referred to as autophagy) is a universal metabolic process whereby the cell encloses portions of its cytoplasm in a double membrane-bound structure called an autophagic vacuole or autophagosome.
In contrast, a human cell encloses 25724 protein genes, 5283 of which have currently been allocated to 198 KEGG pathways.
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Then, the adherent entotic cell enclosed the invading cell with a flat plasma membrane protrusion, designated "flattened membrane protrusion" (Fig. 5c).
This bonding strategy is demonstrated in a proof-of-concept electrochemical cell enclosed in a PDMS chamber.
A cramped cell enclosed the toilet, but its futuristic features will distract you from your claustrophobia: the lid opened automatically and a wall panel at seat level was full of buttons — labeled "cleanser," "soft pressure," "pulse" — that controlled the ablutions (as in a bidet).
This holds that the nucleus evolved when a cell enclosed its sister after cell division, similar to the way in which endospores are formed in certain Gram-positive bacteria.
All together these data indicate that AMN in apoptotic cells encloses most of the cellular volume where active caspases are degrading cytosolic and nuclear proteins, keeping the cellular cortex and plasma membrane free of active caspases.
Life began with little bags, the precursors of cells, enclosing small volumes of dirty water containing miscellaneous garbage.
They are characterized by a filamentous arrangement of cells enclosed in a sheath.
The network comprised assembled hollow alginate hydrogel microfibers with mammalian cells enclosed in the gel portions.
The antherozoids, always many in number, develop from mother cells enclosed in the jacket of the antheridium.
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