Blood vessels can provide necessary oxygen and nutrients to cell by diffusion processes, but the effective distance of diffusion is 100 200 μm around a capillary [ 1].
Cell death is determined by several factors, but the most important in this context is the high level of metabolites – represented globally by lactate in the computer model – that poisons and stifles cells by downmodulating facilitated diffusion processes in the cell membrane, even when oxygen and nutrients are available.
On the other hand, we hypothesized that multiple species of proteases can be secreted by the cell and they follow diffusion processes and can therefore react with the substrate at different rates.
Another effect caused by the ultrasound wave is that it can facilitate the swelling and hydration of biomass and so cause an enlargement of pores in the cell wall which can improve diffusion processes and therefore enhance mass transfer which can enhance extraction yield [ 50].
Especially weak transient interactions exert a strong influence on rotational and translational diffusion processes in cells.
Investigation of the kinetics showed that discontinuous precipitation is controlled by diffusion processes at the advancing cell boundary.
Taking the calculated diffusion coefficient of chemotherapeutic drug with MD simulation into the developed three-dimensional model of cancer-cells invasion, the diffusion process of chemotherapeutic drug is simulated as shown in Figure 6(a).
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements offer an important tool towards analysing diffusion processes within living biological cells.
In contrast, for blank NPs (Figure 6a), only low red intensity appeared in the peripheral region of the cells due to slow diffusion process into the cells for 24-h incubation period.
Substances like oxygen are transported into and out of cells by normal diffusion while molecules like glucose require facilitated diffusion processes.
