Exact(8)
Notwithstanding the variation in the different groups, the pattern of development established in the early cell cleavages is consistent.
It is remarkable that in all acytokinetic embryos, daughter nuclei after mitosis are arranged in spatially normal positions, and maternal vasa mRNAs accumulate in the prospective planes of the first and second cell cleavages in the total absence of cytokinesis.
Cell cleavages within the spore wall cut off a prothallial cell, which will give rise to the vegetative (i.e., nonreproductive) part of the plant, and an antheridial cell, which divides into a tube cell and a generative cell.
However, gon30 is a very late "gonidial" gene [ 6], which has its maximal expression after cell cleavages, and the mRNAs for our experiments were isolated at the very beginning of cell cleavages.
In contrast, the gon30 mRNA was at its lowest during cell cleavages and had maximal expression much later.
Sea urchin embryos and larvae were exposed to chlorpyrifos at different stages of development ranging from early cell cleavages through the prism stage.
Similar(52)
The constantly changing arrays of actin filaments help move the cell and mediate specific activities within it, such as cell cleavage during mitosis.
This indicates that the basic cell architectures of early embryos are largely established by the autonomous activities of the mitotic apparatus, without much dependence on the cell cleavage machinery.
Three of the mutations (acytokinesis mutations: ackkt5, ackkt62 and ackkt119) caused absence of cell cleavage in the embryos derived from homozygous females regardless of the paternal genotype, without affecting nuclear divisions.
"These sorts of [developmental] dynamics are not only seen in snails, they are involved in all cell cleavage".
In some cases, the cell cleavage of the microbes has not been noticed, but the zinc oxide nanoparticles can yet be seen entering the inner cell wall (Fig. 5c, d).
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