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2S oligosaccharides had little effect on cell migration (Figure 3C), with the exception of 12-mer 2S, which at 50 µg/ml (18 µM), reduced cytokine-induced cell advancement by 55% (Figure 3C).
The unpopulated areas were analysed using MetaMorph image analysis software (Molecular Devices, Uckfield, UK) by measuring unpopulated area at 0 and 24 hours and cell advancement area was derived for each treatment.
To determine the IC50 values of 2SNS oligosaccharides that inhibited cytokine-induced cell advancement, the wounds were treated with increasing concentrations of 2SNS 8-mer, 9-mer, 10-mer and 12-mer oligosaccharides together with the specific angiogenic cytokines and repopulated areas at each concentration were assessed.
The 9-mer 2SNS and 10-mer 2SNS were significantly less potent in inhibiting VEGF165 mediated cell advancement into the wound when compared to FGF2, while 12-mer 2SNS oligosaccharide was the most potent inhibitor that targeted FGF2 and VEGF165 with a similar potency (Table 2).
The motive force of the observed rapid flow shifts into the motive force of cell advancement when the cells attach to the substratum and acquire a foothold.
The phosphorylation of the RB1 protein by cyclin D1-CDK4/6 complayss plans an important role in cell advancement through the cell cycle and the regulation of the R-point: the unphosphorylated form is present in G0, hypophosphorylation correlates to entry into G1, and hyperphosphorylation is concurrent with passing of the restriction point and completion of the cell cycle.
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The development of new methods for the formation of noble-metal-free fuel cell catalysts is currently important in order to provide active catalysts and to realize fuel cell advancements.
The incorporation of perovskite material into DSSC as the sensitizer layer marks the beginning of Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC) advancement and it is a promising technology for future power generation from solar irradiation.
The CDC25 protein phosphatases drive cell cycle advancement by activating cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs).
Stated differently, the MAPK/pSmad3L/c-Myc pathway strongly suppresses the TβRI/pSmad3C/the CDK inhibitor pathway, thereby paving the way for vigorous cell cycle advancement.
Among the repressed genes are those coding for the cyclin-dependent serine-threonine kinase cdc2 and the subunit cyclins A and B, each being involved in the control of entry into mitosis and cell cycle advancement [ 38, 39].
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