Exact(1)
It is recommended that: scale scores should span the entire scale range; floor (proportion of the sample at the maximum scale score) and ceiling (proportion of the sample at the minimum scale score) effects should be low (<15%) [ 18]; and skewness statistics ranging should range from -1 to +1 [ 19].
Similar(59)
For the ceiling, the proportion of respondents reported 'no problems' for all five dimensions - the proportion of respondents scoring '11111' [ 16] - was compared for the 3L and 5L.
Ceiling effects (proportion of subjects scoring at the highest possible scale level) were also negligible, although 6.5% of the subjects scored at the maximum scale level of the social subscale.
Distribution of WHODAS-2 and SF-36 scores was evaluated for the whole sample: means (SD), observed range, percentage of patients with missing domain scores, and floor and ceiling effects (proportion of patients with the worst and best possible score, respectively).
Despite the height of the ceiling the proportions of the Creation of Adam are such that when standing beneath it, "it appears as if the viewer could simply raise a finger and meet those of God and Adam".
The corresponding ceiling effects (proportions of adults who scored maximum) were 0.6% and 0.1%.
Ceiling effects (the proportion of patients having the maximum score) were also assessed.
The "ceiling effect", the proportion of individuals having the best possible scores (SF-36 = 100, NHP = 0), was also larger for the NHP scale in emotional reactions (50.0%), energy (42.4%) and social isolation (71.2%) one year after revascularization (Table 3).
Role emotional had the highest proportion of ceiling effect (50%) and a high proportion of floor effect (24%).
Based on the high proportion of ceiling effects with WOMAC Pain score, a different pain measure is indicated.
As mentioned before, due to the high proportion of ceiling effects conceivable improvement in QoL was not possible.
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