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Participants' level of motivation was associated with ceasing smoking.
Certainly it provides a further reason for preventing or ceasing smoking.
Sales et al 10 found that the general health component scores were higher among quitters than among non-quitters after ceasing smoking for 12 months.
Sales et al 10 also used the SF-36, and found that summary scores of mental and physical components were higher among quitters than among non-quitters after ceasing smoking for 12 months.
More health benefits would be achieved if the areas currently reserved for warning labels would be used for a message to enhance efficacy or influence other determinants that have been found to play a role in ceasing smoking (such as subjective norm; note that attitude, the construct encompassing perceived threat, has been found to have only a weak influence; Topa & Moriano, 2010).
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Those who ceased smoking but smoked at least one cigarette daily were classified as former smokers.
Smoking status of patients was classified as never having smoked, former smoker (ceased smoking for at least 1 year), or current smoker.
Therefore, we recommend that pregnant women cease smoking and avoid environmental tobacco smoke.
This may be a greater challenge than knowing why one should not smoke and how to cease smoking.
Women who had smoked were then asked how many cigarettes they smoked per day, for how many years they had smoked, and the year they had ceased smoking (former smokers only).
Former smokers were asked to answer the following additional questions: (1) the brand of cigarettes that they used to smoke, (2) the age at which they ceased smoking (years), (3) their motivators for quitting smoking and (4) any pharmacological therapy used to alleviate nicotine withdrawal.
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