The change of flow direction through L-junctions can yield a high coefficient of discharge Cd, without entrapping detrimental oxide film defects because of the smooth flow, minimizing surface turbulence.
Tobacco plants, thus developed could tolerate Cd without any enhancement in Cd accumulation.
It is ideal to develop plants tolerant to Cd, without enhanced accumulation in the edible parts for human consumption.
Our data suggest that TvGST gene could enhance the tolerance of N. tabacum plants to Cd, without enhancing its accumulation.
Attempts are therefore being made to develop plants which are tolerant to Cd, without altering and preferably lowering its accumulation.
Transgenic tobacco plants could grow at 100 µM of Cd without significant growth retardation, while growth of wild type plants was severely inhibited.
The results of the present study suggest that transgenic tobacco plants expressing a Trichoderma virens GST are more tolerant to Cd, without enhancing its accumulation in the plant biomass.
However, it was observed that if BAL was administered 24 hr after Cd exposure, it could mobilize Cd from hepatic MT and increase the biliary excretion of Cd without any increase in renal Cd concentration.
Marine mammals have been described as being able to tolerate high levels of Cd without showing renal damage [ 4, 30], raising the question of detoxification pathways in these species.
While the plant availability of Cd is decreased by liming to increase soil pH, it has not been possible to add Cd salts or sewage sludge Cd without significantly increasing plant uptake.
As our analysis of the potential window shows, the Cu WE offers a sufficiently negative range for determination of Zn (and other trace metals with less negative stripping potentials, such as Pb and Cd), without exhibiting too much H+ reduction.
