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Directional evolutionary changes increased the cranial capacity of the human lineage from the small brain of Australopithecus human ancestors of three million years ago which was less than 500 cc in volume, to a brain nearly three times as large in modern humans.
The brain of a newborn chimp is roughly 155 cubic centimeters (cc) in volume, less than half that of a newborn human baby, although the overall size of the birth canal is about the same as in humans.
The results of this study show excellent in-field responses to Cyberknife SBRT in HCC within tumors < 100 cc in volume that are ineligible for local ablation therapies or surgical resection.
Seven single voxels, approximately 8 cc in volume, were positioned within the medial frontal gray matter, the left frontal white matter, left parietal white matter, the right temporal lobe at the superior temporal gyrus, the left basal ganglia, left cerebellar hemisphere (gray and white matter), and the cerebellar vermis, respectively.
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The respiratory system model was ventilated by a Flow-I anesthesia machine (Maquet CC, Solna, Sweden) in volume control ventilation with a tidal volume of 300 ml, respiratory rate of 15/min, I E ratio of 1 2, and an end-inspiratory pause of 10%% of the breathing cycle.
The differential effect in CC volume between the sexes after IR was also reflected in the brain/body weight ratio, where irradiated females proved to be more radiosensitive, displaying an 8.1% lower ratio in IR females compared with 0.4% in IR males, that is, a 20-fold greater effect of IR in females.
Although the braincase of ER 1805 is close to 600 cc (36.6 cubic inches) in volume and is thus expanded moderately beyond the size expected in Australopithecus, a bony crest runs along the top of the skull.
The difference in volume constraints (<120 cc versus <290 cc) on 15-16 Gy level may be dependent on grade of diarrhea (grade 3+ versus grade 2+) and rectal cancer (yes versus no), respectively.
The activity concentration (AC) was calculated based on the decay-corrected activity per phantom volume (cc) in units of cps per microcurie as shown in Eq. 1.
This is accomplished through plotting a time activity curve (TAC) of the percent injected dose of radiotracer (%ID) per volume (cc) in the total brain or target-rich brain region as a function of time.
This is the average of the three greatest responses to any stimulus category except "neutral," where penile response is expressed in cc of blood volume increase from the start of a trial.
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