In high concentrations, however, the smaller amines are highly irritating to the skin and especially to the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, to which they can cause acute damage upon prolonged exposure.
These are otherwise discarded as waste effluents, thereby causing acute environmental damage on one hand and loss of valuable nutrients and materials on the other.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common genetic hemoglobinopathies in which sickle hemoglobin leads to tissue hypoxia causing acute tissue damage and chronic organ dysfunction including SCD associated nephropathy [ 1].
Besides causing acute renal damage, malignant hypertension may also reflect difficulty to regulate blood pressure in individuals on the long-term as placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials performed decades ago, showed that antihypertensive treatment effectively prevented progression of essential hypertension to malignant hypertension [ 17, 18].
Literature data indicate that excessive injurious single-impact loading causes acute cartilage damage with increasing chondrocyte death and extracellular matrix damage.
Aueviriyavit et al. showed that AgNPs can cause acute cellular damage in Caco-2 (HTB-37) cells but only after treatment with relatively high amounts nanoparticles [22].
DCAN caused acute metabolism damage to adult zebrafish especially at 8 days exposure, at which time the "Integrated Biomarker Response IBRBR) index value reached 798 at 1 mg/L DCAN dose.
No subjects had acute febrile illness and thus, should not have acute cholangitis or viral infection which might cause acute liver damage.
This is consistent with the knowledge that anthracyclines cause acute irreversible damage to the cardiomyocytes through generation of free radicals and cardiomyocyte apoptosis [ 24], whereas trastuzumab-induced cardiac toxicity is dose-dependent and largely reversible [ 25].
Noise causes acute mechanical damage to hair cells of the cochlea in the inner ear when the short-term sound intensity or peak impulse noise levels are very high {LAF (A-weighted sound pressure level) > 120 dB; LCpk (C-weighted peak sound pressure level) > 135 A-weighted decibels [dB(A)]}.
