So what causes professors who have advanced degrees to be paid poverty wages while students go into thousands of dollars of debt to pay for school?
Among the upper class, where envy causes professors to commit white collar crime and film makers to lament instapunks, the social cost of the gap may seem bearable.
"Before, the army high command did not understand the centrality of such accusations and the damage they could cause," Professor Steinberg said.
The decline in social trust has no single cause, Professor Putnam said; older Americans remain as trusting as ever, but they are increasingly outnumbered by younger, less trusting people.
Kennedy's premature and horrific demise caused professor of history Robert Dallek to title his brilliant biography on JFK, An Unfinished Life.
In 1969, after doing research on pox viruses, including the variola virus, which causes smallpox, Professor Fenner began advising the World Health Organization on its campaign to eliminate smallpox.
"One way of putting it is that if these two genes did not exist, there might be between five and 10 per cent less violent crime in Finland, but we cannot be sure of what the mechanism is that causes this," Professor Tiihonen told The Independent.
"We do not argue that cortisol causes amnesia," Professor Waismel-Manor said, "but it is possible that as some of these voters approach the ballot, they tend to forget how good or bad the last four years have been, or perhaps just that the troops are still in the Middle East, or that the recession is still here.
Ms. Bartz's comments also served her own cause, the professor said.
The Times recruited 'the world's foremost literary sleuth' to the cause - Professor Don Foster, or 'Doctor Comma', as he quickly became known in my household.
