Exact(4)
Permissive social attitudes, he argued, lead to the kind of behaviour that causes outcomes like family breakdown, which in turn leads to government spending, which in turn leads to dependency.
Indeed, it is possible that poorer outcomes could cause GAD, the relationships could be bidirectional (ie, GAD causes outcomes while outcomes also cause GAD), or a third variable may cause both.
However, it is suggested that the three key priorities for future research are: 1) Research that denotes the prevalence, natural history, causes, outcomes, and other factors associated with musculoskeletal pain at the end of life.
We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine whether the reasons for hospitalization (including all causes), outcomes, and resource utilization during hospital admissions were different in HIV-infected patients on HAART compared with HIV-infected patients not on HAART in South Africa, a country with a very high HIV prevalence.
Similar(56)
Fifth, the effects of genotypic diversity are often non-additive and synergistic, indicating that interactions between neighboring genotypes can cause outcomes which differ from additive expectations [17] [18], [23] [25].
All-cause outcomes were not explored in this study, since only AHF-related data were captured and tracked in the data set.
Instead, they have based their evaluations explicitly or implicitly on fundamentally different philosophical assumptions most commonly the positivist notion that interventions in and of themselves cause outcomes.
Therefore, a longitudinal study that could further determine cause-outcome relationships is necessary.
In other words, the exposure causes the mediator and the mediator interacts with exposure to cause outcome.
Second, because it is calculated using a ratio, it may cause outcome data to be non-normally distributed.
Therefore, effects of policies should be evaluated in terms of actions that cause outcome removal rather than in terms of outcome removal per se [ 48].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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