Further work is required to understand the causes of both procedure and caring neglect, and this analysis was restricted to publications in the literature review.
Lower limb total joint replacement (TJR) has become an effective and successful treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and knee which is the most common musculoskeletal disorder to cause pain and disability in elderly populations and is the leading cause of this procedure [ 4].
The purpose of this study was to perform an epidemiological analysis of all adult ankle fractures requiring hospital admission in Sweden from 1997 through 2004, including incidence, causes of fracture, surgical procedures, patient characteristics, and trends over time.
Meniscal lesions represent the most common intra-articular knee injury, and are the most frequent cause of surgical procedures performed by orthopaedic surgeons (Makris et al. [2011]).
Furthermore, the causes of revision and the procedures performed at revision are reported.
It was discovered that the majority of women had very little information of medical procedures, causes of complications, purposes of treatments, and hardly had the opportunity to express their views to anyone even to ask a question because of this asymmetry [ 8].
"The very fact that data is anonymised means that it can't be acted upon and the figures are recording the outcomes of poor procedures in hospitals, but it's the root causes of the errors – poor safety procedures and lack of communication – that need to be tackled".
The Hospital Discharge Register (HDR, held by the National Board of Health and Welfare) contains discharge diagnoses, up to seven contributory diagnoses, external causes of morbidity or mortality, surgical procedure codes, and discharge date.
Data concerning identity of the patient, diagnosis, date of surgery, type of prosthesis, whether cement was used, whether the operation was primary or a revision, cause of revision, and procedure at revision were taken from the form filled in by the operating surgeon (Furnes et al. 2002).
The cause of the incomplete procedure as either due to colon tortuousity or redundancy was determined by review of the procedure report.
