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Assessment effects (improvements due to being asked questions about drinking and discussing answers to those questions) have also been suggested as causes of improvements in drinking [ 45, 46].
Thus while it is possible that poorly designed PCSTs may not isolate the placebo effect from other causes of improvements, this criticism is not valid for all PCSTs demonstrating a placebo effect, and does not undermine the general claim that there is a surgical placebo effect.
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Those responsible for quality improvement might argue that achieving positive change is the most important outcome understanding the exact causes of improvement less so.
Punishing a school for such a decline could set back the cause of improvement.
Therefore, it is important to study the cause of improvement in CAP with multi-focal observations, including acid regurgitation.
The major cause of improvement in enzyme digestibility following hydrothermal deconstruction is a result of removal of hemicellulose and disruption of lignin in the cell wall, which increases accessibility of cellulase enzymes to the cellulose fibrils.
Sudden improvement in retention on IPT was observed between the years 2006 and 2007, although causes of the improvement are poorly understood hence the need for more research.
We failed to understand the causes of environmental improvement for FE for B and P with time (year effect) and change of the interpretation of scoring with time cannot be entirely excluded.
Administration of NA to arsenic-treated mice caused signs of improvement in liver tissue architecture.
If the phase two trial does show that the stem-cell treatment is the cause of the improvements, it could still take many years before it becomes widely available.
The evidence for Müller cell-dependent regeneration of rod photoreceptors as the cause of this improvement is indirect; first, improvement was not observed in animals in control groups.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com