In case of dermal contact, ranunculin is broken down to protoanemonin, which leads to dermal-epidermal separation and formation of bullous lesions.
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, a.k.a. human herpesvirus-8) is the infectious cause of a dermal tumor known as Kaposi's sarcoma (KS).
Wrinkles and reduced elasticity are produced, in part, through activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor, which is known to be a critical mediator of photoaging and also involved in the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that in turn cause both the reduction of dermal collage and inhibition of collagen synthesis.
For example, efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the dermis can nourish resident cells, including the dermal fibroblasts, while the structure of dermal ECM may resist various stresses caused by the oxidative aging process.
UV radiation damage causes initially a mild form of wound healing and is associated at first with an increase of dermal HA.
Collectively, these results show that there is a partial impairment of differentiation and function of dermal monocyte-derived DCs and macrophages that could be a consequence rather than the cause of the distorted immunity.
Regarding the evaluation of dermal irritation potential of the crude extract of A. chica leaves, a concentration of 20 mg/g caused skin irritation, with the presence of moderate and persistent erythema during the treatment period.
The other causes of the aging face include environmental factors, dermal thinning, bone resorption (Vleggaar and Bauer 2004), and the loss of elasticity and collagen in the skin.
For instance, a duplicated region on Chr20 containing endothelin 3 (EDN3), a gene with a known role in promoting melanoblast proliferation, increases the expression level of EDN3 and causes dermal and internal organ hyperpigmentation in Silkie (Dorshorst et al. 2011; Shinomiya et al. 2012).
The issue that appeared to exercise the Keogh review most was the use of dermal fillers.
