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The leading causes of absence were muscular-skeletal disorders (MSDs) with 1.1m sufferers, followed by stress, depression and anxiety with 0.6m.
Obesity can also contribute to back problems, which are one of the biggest causes of absence from work.
Workers in the UK took an average 5.3 days off work in 2012, according to the 2013 CBI/Pfizer Fit for Purpose survey, with stress, anxiety and depression given as the main causes of absence.
Isah et al. [ 38] in their study among the entire staff of a hospital in Nigeria identified common causes of absence including: attendance at examinations, social events like marriage and burial, adverse weather conditions, and travel and transportation problems.
We modeled each outcome of interest in three ways: father absence at any age before 16 (model A), father absence split into childhood age groups (model B), and father absence divided into causes of absence (model C).
Social workers visiting the homes of patients may be used to clarify the causes of absence, 20 but due to a lack of social security numbers, street names and house numbers in many countries with limited resources, follow-up is difficult.
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The condition, defined as chronic if it lasts longer than six weeks, is the second most common cause of long-term disability after arthritis and second only to stress as a cause of absence from work.
Migraine, e.g. is a frequent cause of absence from work, and generally of social isolation, so it is ranked 19th in the list of disability reasons worldwide [2].
Headache is the first cause of absence from work and one of the most common symptoms of the psychological distress related to working.
It can have a strong impact on school performance[2], being the major cause of absence from school[3], and widely affecting other daily activities[4].
The back pain, is one ofthe mostcommon problems of health in our society, is highly prevalent and frequent cause of absence from work, utilization of health services and considerable disability.
More suggestions(17)
effects of absence
reasons of absence
consequences of absence
cases of absence
results of absence
causes of need
causes of problem
causes of failure
causes of free
causes of missing
errors of absence
grounds of absence
causes of inadequate
causes of weakness
causes of default
causes of omission
causes of insecurity
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com