The omission of heterogeneity inherent in the shale matrix may be one of the causes for the divergence between simulated fractures and those in reality.
Regarding the differences between the two modeling approaches and the causes for the divergence of their results, the core of both approaches is statistical, though some components (for example, rainfall) include physical modeling.
Grishin's analysis on evolutionarily related proteins with large structure differences suggested that mechanisms such as insertions/deletions/substitutions, circular permutations, strand invasions/withdrawals, and hairpin flips/swaps emerge as leading causes for structural divergence within homologous families [18].
This tradeoff in resource use strongly supports the hypothesis that resource competition was the selective cause for the divergence into SS and FS ecotypes.
If the analyses show that the gap currently separating both ranges was more resistant to dispersal during the last glaciation, we will have much greater confidence in the role of geographic isolation as the main cause for genetic divergence.
The reason for this is that other causes for a low divergence to Neandertals, such as low mutation rates, contamination by modern non-African DNA, or gene flow into Neandertals, would produce monotonic behaviors.
To investigate causes for this adaptive divergence, we examined 647 adult lamprey sampled at a fixed location on the Columbia River and radiotracked during their subsequent upstream migration.
Estimates of divergence time for LIL-HAL ranged from 602 to 742 years, assuming different sets of summary statistics, whereas for LIL-MOS it ranged from 599 to 641 years, thus providing strong support for divergence caused by the establishment of water mills and associated impassable dams during the Medieval.
A possible cause for the difference in divergence times between Hainan and Taiwan Islands might be ecological barriers.
Aside from the sympatric species, the lack of resolution may be caused by the insufficient time for divergence between lineages.
