Under this standard, a voting change that causes discrimination, but does not result in more discrimination than before the change was made, cannot be denied preclearance for having a discriminatory effect.
(These definitions paraphrase the definitions of discrimination in UK Acts of Parliament outlawing discrimination on grounds of sex [ 8], race [ 9] and disability [ 10].) It is thus the perception of stigma by other people or by the stigmatised person him/herself that leads to discrimination: and therefore stigma is important because of the way it causes discrimination.
The council's tree-management policy is to remove and replace roadside trees that are dangerous, dead, dying, diseasedand damaging to the road or pavement, or cause "discrimination".
The knowledge in the genome could also be used in harmful ways, particularly in revealing patients' disposition to disease if their privacy is not safeguarded, and in causing discrimination.
"If this law goes into effect, it will cause discrimination and racial profiling against Latinos and others who appear to be foreign born, including U.S. citizens," Laurel Marsh, executive director of A.C.L.U.
The European Parliament will support all proposals which fairly address real problems which may emerge from free movement – as long as they do not cause discrimination and undermine European values".
On the discussion of benefits, he said: "Allow me to say this very clearly: The European Parliament will support all proposals which fairly address real problems which may emerge from free movement - as long as they do not cause discrimination and undermine European values".
Despite its advantages, this 'freedom of movement' is also contested, since it has been shown to cause discrimination, exploitation and pave the way for a 'race to the bottom'.
"This regulation would cause discrimination because employers will say they don't want women who will have maternity leave now they can have two children, then every month they might apply for period leave too,"she said.
During the council meeting, opponents of the measure argued that it could potentially cause discrimination against heterosexuals and cause a rise in sexually transmitted diseases, according to the Capitol-Journal.
If the second of two periodic vibrations is presented on the opposite hand, it will engage a new and unadapted population of SI neurons in the opposite hemisphere, causing discrimination thresholds to be higher.
