The accepted view is that neighbors of a disease-causing gene in a molecular network tend to cause the same or similar diseases, and network-based methods have been recently developed to identify novel hereditary disease-genes in available biomedical networks.
Mutations in genes encoding different nuclear envelope proteins can sometimes cause the same or similar phenotypes.
Moreover, it is known that "the network-neighbor of a disease gene is likely to cause the same or a similar disease" [ 4– 7, 42].
The basic principle of homeopathy is the principle of similars: A patient with a specific pattern of symptoms is best treated by a remedy which causes the same or a very similar pattern in healthy subjects.
Intriguingly, genetic mutations in either member of at least five cognate ARS-tRNA pairs (AARS2-mtT-DNAAla, EARS2-mtT-DNAGlu, HARS2-mtT-DNAHis, RARS2-mtT-DNAArg and YARS2-mtT-DNATyr) cause the same or similar pathological phenotypes, possibly due to a common loss-of-activity mechanism (Table 1).
Gove's reforms haven't caused the same "brouhaha" as the health reforms, Bell points out.
Until now, it has not been possible to establish whether these cases are due to more severe mutations or whether they are due to other gene(s) causing the same phenotype, or to the interaction with other intra-erythrocytic defects, such as thalassemia [ 4].
A 2008 report on phthalates and cumulative risk assessment emphasized that the chemicals considered for cumulative risk assessment should be ones that cause the same health outcomes or the same types of health outcomes, not ones that cause the health outcomes only by a specific pathway (486).
In up to 50% of cases, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is caused by mutations in genes coding for sarcomere or sarcomere-related genes, but the often dramatic variation in clinical phenotypes caused by the same or similar mutations remains largely unexplained.
In fact, no one has yet applied his advanced safety testing protocols to the GM foods already on the market to see if they cause the same damage in rats or humans.
