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In two independent examples we show that CTL responses directed at variant epitope sequences in HIV-Gag and –Pol caused selection of a consensus B-like sequence.
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The present study was designed to find out whether long-lasting pollution impact caused selection of resistant birch genotypes, and to investigate possible trade-offs between pollution resistance and performance by exploring growth of birch seedlings in the different environments.
These differential processes potentially may have caused selection of distinctive structural features that are involved in discriminating regulatory interactions.
The fact that enrolment was limited to women who were able to received detailed information about the study, may have caused selection of less severe cases.
The systematic study of identifying co-regulating miRNAs showed that specifically regulated processing of pre-miRNAs may have caused selection of distinctive structural features that are involved in discriminating regulatory interactions.
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against HIV-1 assert a strong evolutionary pressure on the virus, causing selection of HIV-1 variants that successfully escape recognition by CTL [2] [4].
Antimicrobial use in veterinary practice as food additives causes selection of resistant zoonotic pathogens that may spread to humans.
Depending on the stringency of siRNA-target base pairing, siRNA treatment may cause selection of siRNA-resistant viruses, and this has been shown with HIV and HCV [17], [27], [28], and therefore abrogated the further medication or treatments.
Likewise, phage screening directly on cell can cause selection of non-specific binders.
A web-based survey as a study method impedes calculation of a conventional response rate and may cause selection bias of the target population.
An internet survey as a study method may cause selection bias of the target population.
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