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Unsystematic settlement patterns, development of water schemes without careful planning, lack of consultation/participation of local communities, state marginalization and the peripheral status of pastoral areas have caused range degradation among the Borana pastoralists, which ultimately affects their livelihoods (Flintan et al. 2011).
Depending on species' ecological tolerances, these climate fluctuations must have caused range reduction and fragmentation, or expansion and merging.
In many species inhabiting temperate zones, climate-vegetation feedbacks during the Pleistocene caused range contractions to lower latitudes followed by range expansions during interglacial periods [ 2, 3], which in turn promoted much of the diversification observed today.
The Pleiocene/Pleistocene cooling cycles are well known to have caused range restrictions, survival in refugia, and diversifications in many groups of organisms [ 73], both on land and in the sea.
Glaciations of the Pleistocene have caused range fluctuations of species and may have brought previously isolated species together, thereby increasing frequencies of secondary contact hybridization and polyploidization (Hewitt, 1996, 2004).
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Exposure to asbestos in the workplace -- from construction sites to shipyards -- may not manifest itself in harmful ways until decades later, and illnesses it may cause range from the relatively minor to the deadly.
The causes range from apparent pilot error, in the crashes of two planes operated by the regional carrier, Crossair, to inept management, in the case of Swissair's bankruptcy.
Causes range from aiding kids to fighting diseases.
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