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This study is the first reporting an association between CHEK2 mutations and therapy resistance in human cancers and to document mutations in two genes acting direct up/down-stream to each other to cause therapy failure, emphasizing the need to investigate functional cascades in future studies.
Further, CVL-dysfunction by itself or in combination with associated complications may cause therapy delays resulting in adverse outcome.
'Probable' codes were defined as those specifying a likely symptom, cause, therapy, investigation or outcome of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
The repopulation lag time after giving a radiation dose may obscure the effect of variations in tumour repopulation, which can cause therapy resistance [ 29].
In addition, although the safety profile of recent agents is quite superior in comparison to older medicines, the incidence of side effects, such as sexual dysfunctions, may cause therapy discontinuation, especially in younger patients.
Substandard and counterfeit anti-infective drugs can cause therapy failure because of low dosage or absence of active drug, adverse effects through excessive dose or the presence of incorrect or toxic ingredients, and emergence of antimicrobial resistance through subtherapeutic amounts of the antimicrobial drugs [ 4].
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To support this notion, it was found that overexpression of PI3K also caused therapy resistance [ 7].
Hsp27 is stress-activated multifunctional chaperone that inhibits treatment-induced apoptosis and causes therapy resistance.
Despite encouraging results from preclinical studies, we have limited knowledge regarding mechanisms causing therapy resistance in vivo.
Adverse reactions were generally mild to moderate, only causing therapy discontinuation in three patients (two seizures, one rash).
Drug resistance is one possible cause to therapy failure, however, the mechanisms behind drug resistance are not fully understood.
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