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Carcinogens cause the initial DNA mutations (the initiation stage), and then oxidation, inflammation, and hormones cause it to grow (the promotion stage); finally, metastasis occurs, in which the cancer spreads throughout the body.
Estuary restoration fails if the underlying factors that cause the initial degradation are not first addressed.
In like manner, shock waves can cause the initial compression of an interstellar cloud, after which natural gravitational instabilities divide it into fragments that eventually form stars and planets.
The reduced crystal energy due to the presence of Sc3+ interstitial ions could cause the initial increase in the TEC, and the formation of fluorite phase might contribute to the reduced TEC.
The layer-structure of LaPO4 phase and its weak bond with Gd2Zr2O7 matrix could cause the initial increase in the toughness, and the growth of LaPO4 grains might contribute to the reduced toughness.
Irreversible breakage of various types of bonds is believed to cause the initial softening, while the presence of fillers and their influence on network chain breakage is believed to cause the additional softening.
Similar(45)
It is still unclear what caused the initial alarm.
Dwelling on problems causes the initial sadness to snowball, she said.
It was not clear what caused the initial confusion about which Lanza was the shooter.
It was unclear what caused the initial confusion between the brothers.
On the street, we became aware of what had caused the initial noise of crashing china and cutlery.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com