In California, CEQA requires an environmental impact report (EIR) whenever the environmental effects of a project have the potential to cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly (CEQA 2005; CCR 2007 §15065).
Treatments last for at least 18 months, with 6 months of painful injections, and can cause substantial side effects that make it difficult for some patients to complete treatment.
Injections in general can cause substantial adverse effects.
It is not life threatening, but it can cause substantial health effects after illness with Campylobacter spp., nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica serotypes (hereafter referred to as nontyphoidal Salmonella spp ., or Shigella spp. (7, 8 ).
The loss of infrastructure functionality can have potentially large implications for governments and local authorities (e.g. deciding whether to shut down parts of a network) and cause substantial, sometimes unexpected, effects on end-users of critical infrastructure such as drivers and residents through a reduced 'level of service'.
An oil spill near a coastline can cause substantial adverse health effects.
Early studies have shown that Cas9-mediated cleavage can be abolished by single mismatches at the sgRNA DNA target site interface [ 7, 8]; however, more systematic investigations revealed that the CRISPR system could cause substantial off-target effects in human cells which resulted from the binding between sgRNA and imperfectly complementary DNA sequences in the genome [ 12– 12].
These results suggest that uncontrolled confounding from a beneficial parameter, and imprecision of this confounder, may cause substantial underestimation of the effects of a toxic exposure.
The scattering of light due to surface roughness is one of the effects that can cause substantial losses and can significantly reduce the SP decoherence time, which is considered to increase radiative decay rates and shorten the fluorescence lifetime.
Our investigation suggests that, (1) ignoring centre effects completely may cause substantial overestimation of the standard error, faulty increase of coverage of the confidence interval and reduction of power; and (2) mixed-effects models and GEE models, if employed appropriately, can produce accurate and precise effect estimates, regardless of the degree of clustering.
