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Studies in mice have observed that constituents of air pollution can cause retarded gonadal cell migration, immature gonads (Tam and Liu 1985), and germ cell differentiation disorders (Yoshida et al. 2002).
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On the other hand, interaction between DMSO and PbCl2 causes retarded deposition due to formation of strong DMSO Pb– complexes [22].
Specifically, paternal UPD leads to placentomegaly, costal cartilage defects and late gestational lethality, while maternal UPD causes retarded growth and perinatal death.
Mouse knockout studies show that NFIA mutation results in hydrocephalus and abnormal brain development [8], NFIB mutation causes retarded lung development [9] and NFIC mutation causes abnormal tooth development [10], with very little overlap in phenotypes.
To determine whether Cdc20 phosphorylation affected binding to APC/C in egg extracts, CSF extracts were incubated with in vitro translated wild type human Cdc20 and a mutant Cdc20 version, non-phosphorylatable at 7 consensusensitesites (Cdc207A) [4], for 40 min, to allow Cdc20 phosphorylation (that caused retarded mobility on SDS/PAGE; Fig. 4 C) [5].
All doses caused retarded perinatal growth, and brain cholinesterase activity was reduced 60% by PND21.
The cellular metabolic activity at low temperature is generally low which conceivably caused retarded ethanol biosynthesis.
Depletion of miR-252-3p miR-252-3p miR-252-3pmate (N5) nymphalevelsar caused retarded growth and developmental delays winhin the instar.
Lack of ABCG1 leads to a significant increase in early atherosclerotic lesion size but causes retarded lesion progression in the more advanced stages in Ldlr /– mice.
Shortage of high quality food (for example, densely microbially colonised leaf patches) may have caused retarded development at high larval density, affecting all individuals in a similar way.
The RNA-mediated interference of any of these genes causes retarded heterochronic phenotypes similar to those observed for animals with mutations in the let-7 miRNA or core miRNA machinery genes.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com