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The reason why these viruses did not cause outbreak when they were first encountered could be due to the presence in the population of cross-neutralizing immunity accorded by other DENV-1 genotypes.
Though all the clade Ic viruses shared common ancestral lineage to the Malaysian 1996 isolate, it is possible that the Malaysian 1996 virus was endemic in Malaysia but remained in the background until it achieved fitness to cause outbreak later in 2004 [ 33].
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EBOV and related members of the family Filoviridae cause outbreaks of highly lethal disease in humans.
As a result, boreal insect populations occasionally increase rapidly and cause outbreaks.
Nevertheless, the study said that "small lots of cured cheese made with raw milk can cause outbreaks sufficiently small to escape detection and reporting".
It is not unusual for legionella pneumophila to cause outbreaks of respiratory illness in nursing homes, and it had been suspected from the beginning.
"There's something in this virus that makes it special to cause outbreaks simultaneously in a number of countries," Dr. Stöhr said.
Highly fit, clonal populations of Yersinia can emerge from cryptic varieties, cause outbreaks by colonizing hosts rapidly, and fade away.
The Center for Science in the Public Interest periodically publishes a scary little digest called "Outbreak Alert!" that tallies (by cause) outbreaks of food poisoning in the U.S.
It mostly affects herbivores, but anthrax can cause outbreaks in other mammals, including some carnivores, great apes and humans.
(There are five species of Ebola virus, three of which cause outbreaks in humans: Zaire, Sudan, and Bundibugyo).
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