While these controls are not generally very detrimental to model reliability under calibration conditions, in some cases they cause serious misrepresentation of forecasted phosphorus export.
This means that selection bias can cause a misrepresentation of the population within the study sample, and therefore potentially render results and findings invalid, as they do not represent the results that would have been found in the wider population.
Critics of digital imaging claim that any image manipulation, willingly or unknowingly, alters digital data which causes a misrepresentation of the original information [ 26].
Because the animal makes mistakes in orienting towards its goals in such a geometrically similar environment, we must explain its mistakes as being caused by misrepresentation.
It was found that only 0.36% of the non-overlapping annotated genes reside within 50 nt of one another, so linking exons 50 nt apart should not cause a significant misrepresentation of the number of genes obtained from the overall RNA-seq analysis.
He said that the misrepresentation caused him to pay $6.8 billion for the company.
The stress this alleged misrepresentation caused Zarif drove him to seek medical attention, he said.
Under Section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 the card company is equally responsible for the suppliers' breach of contract or misrepresentation caused by insolvency, as long as the cost of the goods or services is between £100 and £30,000.
"Given the lack of an appreciable drop in the demand or price of light cigarettes after the truth about lights was revealed," the ruling said, "plaintiffs' argument that defendants' misrepresentation caused the market to shift and the price of lights to be inflated fails as a matter of law".
